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ANSWERED on Wed 11 Nov 2009 - 4:15 pm UTC by answerfinder

Question: Port of Rotterdam industry operations

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Asked by miro on Mon 9 Nov 2009 - 10:29 pm UTC:

Hello, I am looking for more information on the Port of Rotterdam
concerning some of the major operations at the port:

Could you please educate me on some of the major issues concerning the
ships and cargo, some of the problems regarding carbon, toxic emissions,
and bunker fuel burning (from the ships), as well as the major
transportation problems to and from the port? Thank you.

Question clarification by miro on Mon 9 Nov 2009 - 10:34 pm UTC:

please include any other relevant information about the port - thanks!

Uclue Researcher Answer by Researcher answerfinder on Wed 11 Nov 2009 - 4:15 pm UTC:

Dear miro,
 
I have been hampered by the language barrier, but at least the main source
of information is in English. 

The first stop should be the Port of Rotterdam Authority. It is a mine of
information. They report that Rotterdam is the largest European seaport:
10,500 hectares and 40 kilometres in length. It handles 4000 million tonnes
of cargo, 34,000 sea-going vessels, and 133,000 inland vessels. Cargo
includes chemicals, ores, liquid bulk, dry bulk, vehicles, general cargo,
refrigerated cargo, food and containers. You will see that the authority is
also responsible for the many refineries, power stations and chemical and
engineering plants within the port industrial area.

A very detailed map of the Port is accessible on through this  page
http://www.portofrotterdam.com/en/about_port/port_maps/port_area/index.jsp

"The Port of Rotterdam Authority is manager, operator and developer of
Rotterdam’s port and industrial area. The Port Authority is a public
limited company (N.V.) with two shareholders: the Municipality of
Rotterdam and the Dutch State, we operate in two domains: shipping and the
port area."
 
Role:
Port Authority - nautical matters
Port Infrastructure - roads, railways, etc., and sufficient space for
companies to operate in the port.
Port Operator - encouraging economic development
http://www.portofrotterdam.com/en/port_authority/company_profile/index.jsp

Expansion of the port is underway with the reclamation of 4,500 acres of
land. This project is called Maasvlakte 2. Existing facilities will also be
redeveloped.
http://www.maasvlakte2.com/en/project/mainportontwikkeling/existing_rotterdam_area/index.jsp

Ships and Cargo - statistics
===================
Very detailed Port statistics can be found on this page, use the navigation
on the left and in the body of the page to download pdfs.
http://www.portofrotterdam.com/en/about_port/portstatistics/index.jsp

Transport Problems
==============
Their problems with congestion by road and rail.

The 2008 Annual Report deals with all types of transport in and out of the
Port, for instance on roads its states that "The A15 corridor is a crucial
traffic artery in the port of Rotterdam. Congestion has become an urgent
problem." See page 38 and onwards for additional information on how it is
proposed that this be solved: the formation of a Traffic Management Company
and widening of the A15.
http://www.portofrotterdam.com/mmfiles/ANN_REP_2008_P4_tcm26-59916.pdf

For more on the transport infrastructure, please read the leaflet on future
developments.
http://www.portofrotterdam.com/en/about_port/accessibility/index.jsp

The website which is the source of this document is in Dutch, but I think
you’ll find this document a useful summary of the road problems and the
proposed widening: Transumo A15 project. 
http://docs.google.com/gview?a=v&q=cache:PPWIBCCYDeYJ:www.traverse.nl.sharepointsite.com/Traverse/Platforms/Transumo/Projecten/Maasvlakte/Documenten%2520openbare%2520site/1%2520Algemene%2520projectinformatie/project%2520summary.pdf+rotterdam+port+pollution&hl=en&gl=uk&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESi2myGqZ-X73RtFn-zwzeYWHcJs3T0qB6qZNbbe8m7UYVLA-VWsiu2wKYUWN_XRDgaXTePFcFpZSxyj7ccQWNZDtLJLhf94tAy5aD9hs1zpOYnhfBGUCYtSou33y92_MLvPZyYu&sig=AFQjCNELRTtAwPHooMkbETVroIzcqWzT1w

Transumo A15 project (in Dutch)
http://www.transumo-a15.nl/

Trends in Rail Transport in Rotterdam Port 
http://www.rotterdamportinfo.com/editorial/Rail-Shuttle/Trends-in-Rail-Transport-in-the-Port-of-Rotterdam.cfm
Expansion of Rail Infrastructure and Transfer Capacity
http://www.rotterdamportinfo.com/editorial/Rail-Shuttle/Expansion-of-Rail-Infrastructure-and-Transfer-Capacity.cfm

Accessibility of the Rotterdam port area during calamities 
Summary
http://www.tudelft.nl/live/binaries/836cdec4-bb8c-454a-85cc-8b9b61d8425e/doc/sv-bereikbaarheid-haven-bij-calamiteiten.pdf

Carbon Emissions
==============
It is reported that the Port is responsible for 16% of Dutch CO2
emissions.

The Port of Authority is one of four partners in the Rotterdam Climate
Initiative.
"Rotterdam has the ambition to continue to develop, over the coming years,
into a low-CO2 city and the Energy Port par excellence ‘the world capital
of CO2-free energy’."

It is aiming for a 50% reduction of CO2 emissions in 2025, as compared with
1990, in both the city and Port. On the website there are also publications
and downloads which may be worth exploring. Sadly the English language side
of site is smaller than the Dutch language side.
http://www.rotterdamclimateinitiative.nl/NL/English/?cid=6

One document, the  objectives 2007 - 2010, has the list of the Port’s
objectives and useful statistics on the port’s CO2 emissions and other
data
http://www.rotterdamclimateinitiative.nl/downloads/Objectives_2007-2010.doc

The 2008 Annual Report also contains information on sustainability and
carbon.
http://www.portofrotterdam.com/mmfiles/ANN_REP_2008_P4_tcm26-59916.pdf

The Port is instrumental in setting up of The Environmental Ship Index
(ESI) which is to "measure a ship’s emissions based on the amount of
nitrogen oxide (NOx), sulphur oxide (SOx), particulate matter (PM) and
greenhouse gas it releases." It is due to start sometime in 2009. 
See pdf downloads for detailed information on the project.
http://www.wpci.nl/projects/environmental_ship_index.php

Two views from the outside world.
"The Port of Rotterdam manages an extensive array of programs designed to
reduce air pollution from container handling, guided by its Port Vision
2020 plan adopted in 2004. The plan endorses a number of strategies to
reduce air pollution from port operations, despite a projected 250 percent
growth in container traffic. The port is studying the use of natural gas as
a fuel for hundreds of barges carrying containers from the port to inland
destinations. It is also developing a sustainability shipping index to
create financial incentives, such as lower fees for clean ships and access
to preferred 'green lanes' for ship operators that comply with the index.
Pollution control efforts are being applied in the development of the
massive new Maasvlakte 2 port complex through the application of
sustainability components among four evaluation criteria in applications
for terminal operators" 
Container Ports and Air Pollution - a study
http://www.mvo.nl/Portals/0/duurzaamheid/biobrandstoffen/nieuws/2009/05/2009PortStudy.pdf

Rotterdam has several cutting-edge programs, including an effort to lessen
environmental impacts through the use of inland barges instead of trucks
and trains.
However, the port’s multitrailer system for moving containers in
Europe’s largest container terminal, the ECT, is truly noteworthy. Over
the past two decades the multitrailer system has been refined to combine
five yard tractors into one flexible trailer that can tow five containers
at a time.
Harbouring Pollution - a report
http://www.coalitionforcleanair.org/pdf/reports/cca-reports-harboring-pollution-strategies-to-clean-up-US-ports.pdf

Toxic emissions and fuel burning
=======================================
This is difficult to tie down as there are several agencies involved and
many of their website are in Dutch. The number of authorities has been a
problem for them. 
I have been unable to find any useful information on bunker fuel burning.

"Approximately half the 400 million tons of freight handled each year are
dangerous and harmful substances [additional risks with] the cleaning of
tanks containing hazardous substances."
http://www.portofrotterdam.com/en/about_port/sustainable_port/safety/index.jsp

You will see from this page that there are at least 12 enforcement agencies
which could be involved in inspecting and investigating ship’s waste and
the environment of the ships. The Authority is trying to streamline the
supervision.
http://www.portofrotterdam.com/en/shipping/inspections/supervision.jsp

For all types of supervision there are 24 authorities responsible for 72
different types of inspections - see this page.
http://www.portofrotterdam.com/en/shipping/inspections/index.jsp

I have tried obtain additional information and statistics from the links to
the various authorities and their site either has limited English language
information, or none at all. I also tried the Google translator on them
with little success.

Also see the enforcement and safety reports statistics in the 2008 annual
report. Page 59
http://www.portofrotterdam.com/mmfiles/ANN_REP_2008_P4_tcm26-59916.pdf

Port Regulations on Dangerous Substances 2007
http://www.portofrotterdam.com/mmfiles/HRGS_2007_Eng_tcm26-8103.pdf

2007 "... major pollution incidents. These are rare in Rotterdam, but the
damage is considerable when they do occur. Last year, a total of around 50
cubic metres of oil was spilled. The great majority of this was down to
spills of less than 250 litres. On 18 January of this year, the CMA CGM
Claudel crashed into jetty number 2 of the Maasvlakte Oil Terminal, and 
800 cubic metres of  ‘Arabian light crude’ disappeared into the water.
This was the most serious spill in the port of Rotterdam for the past
twenty years."
http://www.portofrotterdam.com/en/news/pressreleases/2007/26062007_04.jsp

2009 - "The number of oil spills in the port of Rotterdam fell last year
from 289 (2007) to 193 (2008). Fifteen years ago, this number was as many
as 600."
http://www.portofrotterdam.com/en/news/pressreleases/2009/20090303_02.jsp


TBT emissions inside the port of Rotterdam
http://docs.google.com/gview?a=v&q=cache:HHLG_soTDCsJ:www.sednet.org/download/Part_E_TBT_emissions_inside_the_port_of_Rotterdam_%28POR_II%29.pdf+rotterdam+port+pollution+statistics&hl=en&gl=uk&sig=AFQjCNF-led5UHjllEg6WRWcbr4cNQy0eQ

It may be worth accessing the 2007 and 2006 annual reports as well . They
are found through the statistics page referred to above.

I hope this meets you requirements. Do not hesitate to ask for
clarification of any part of this research

Phil
answerfinder

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