Dear zzzreyes:

I have carried out extensive research on the subject. Actually, it was a real challenge to locate the type of information you require. I am answering this question because I think that I can guide you to the source that is needed to proceed with your research.

1. Which are the cities in Canada with the highest Cancer cases and what are the rates?

This information may not be available, publicly. It is because the Census Bureau of Canada publishes figures for 160 health regions instead of the individual cities. On my inquiry, the representative from Statistics Canada verified that the city data is only provided on request. Therefore, I could not locate an authentic source that will address the issue. Nevertheless, the Statistics Canada website provides access to another database where you can compare cancer incidence rates and related cancer topics by large metropolitan areas (e.g. Vancouver, Toronto, Mississauga, Montreal, etc) or health groups. I will also explain who can help you get the city data in the next section. Anyway, here is the link to the table:

http://www5.statcan.gc.ca/cansim/pick-choisir?lang=eng&id=1030403&pattern=1030403&searchTypeByValue=1

2. What are the rates in the communities that carry out Uranium mining and exploration - Northern Saskatchewan Canada

The rates in the communities that carry out Uranium mining and exploration is available from the official website of each health group. For example, almost all uranium mines in North Saskatchewan are located in Mamawetan Churchill Hill Health Region (~22,000 inhabitants) therefore you can gather a comprehensive cancer data from the website. For a brief overview of the Canada’s health regions, please see:

Health Regions in Canada
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-583-x/2010001/article/11232-eng.pdf

Canadian Health Regions and web address
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_regions_of_Canada

>>>>> OFFICIAL WEBSITE >>>>>

Mamawetan Churchill Hill Health Region
http://www.mcrrha.sk.ca/

Mamawetan Churchill Hill Health Region Information & Annual Health Reports
http://www.health.gov.sk.ca/mamawetan-churchill-river-health-region

You can compare and contrast all 160 health groups from the table
http://www5.statcan.gc.ca/cansim/pick-choisir?lang=eng&id=1030403&pattern=1030403&searchTypeByValue=1

Compare all regional health communities of Saskatchewan for cancer rates:
http://www.saskcancer.ca/Default.aspx?DN=441db64a-04df-4d70-a25d-476002504ae5

Saskatchewan Cancer Control Report: Profiling Cancer Prevalence 1984-2003
http://www.saskcancer.ca/Default.aspx?DN=441db64a-04df-4d70-a25d-476002504ae5

Northern Saskatchewan Health Indicator Report
http://www.athabascahealth.ca/images/reports/2004%20Health%20Indicators%20Report%20revision1.pdf

Cancer Database
http://cansim2.statcan.gc.ca/cgi-win/cnsmcgi.exe?LANG=e&ResultTemplate=CII&CORCMD=GETEXT&CORTYP=1&CORRELTYP=4&CORID=3207

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CITY DATA. WHO CAN HELP?
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>>>>>>> You can get help from Mamawetan Churchill Hill Health Region http://www.mcrrha.sk.ca/ to obtain the city data. They can get access to Canada cancer registry information.

Canadian Cancer Registry
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/cgi-bin/imdb/p2SV.pl?Function=getSurvey&lang=en&db=imdb&adm=8&dis=2&SDDS=3207

What are Peer Groups
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-221-x/2008001/5202322-eng.htm

3. Recent studies that deal with exploration and mining of Uranium.

Following are a variety of studies on the topic. I will also advise you to use Google Scholar, and extract relevant articles. You can get many free articles (indicated by PDF on the right hand side).

http://scholar.google.com


ARTICLES


Uranium Mines in Canada

http://www.fasken.com/files/Publication/b277b055-bc9e-4f48-9a82-7ae13ef7c623/Presentation/PublicationAttachment/9d3a35ee-7091-4be2-931c-ca0023e35e44/URANIUM_LEASES_2006.PDF

Uranium Mining is a well regulated Industry
http://www.nuclearsafety.gc.ca/eng/mediacentre/updates/uranium_mining.cfm

Uranium Hazards

http://www.wise-uranium.org/uhm.html

GOOD RESULTS

http://www.wise-uranium.org/indexu.html

Health Studies for Saskatchewan Uranium Miners

http://nuclearsafety.gc.ca/eng/mediacentre/releases/news_release.cfm?news_release_id=98&CFID=10059173&CFTOKEN=637e097e888ab7d2-869A0ADE-3048-9B41-F41276BE64856577&jsessionid=c63099e86f2972636290123d22126c4e3476

Radon in Canada’s Uranium Industry
http://www.cnsc-ccsn.gc.ca/eng/pdfs/Fact_Sheets/Radon%20Fact%20Sheet_e.pdf

No human cancer of any type has ever been seen as a result of exposure to natural or depleted uranium.
http://www.cvmbs.colostate.edu/erhs/uranium_mining_info.htm

URANIUM MINING & EXPLORATION
Sustainability of Uranium Mining and Milling: Toward Quantifying Resources and Eco-Efficiency
http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es702249v

Uranium Provinces of North America—Their Definition, Distribution, and Models
http://uraniumwatch.org/usgs/uraniumprovinces.namerica.pdf

Sustainability Aspects of Uranium Mining: Towards Accurate Accounting?
http://www.nzsses.auckland.ac.nz/conference%20./2007/papers/MUDD-Uranium-Mining.pdf

Uranium Mining in North Saskatchewan: A Public Private Transition
http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=7QglCre9CMwC&oi=fnd&pg=PA263&dq=exploration+mining+uranium&ots=lq0y-_qpkd&sig=CqQDeexV40ohuX8Wg_uCLTBFDh0#v=onepage&q=exploration%20mining%20uranium&f=false

RECENT AND NOT-SO-RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN URANIUM DEPOSITS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR EXPLORATION
http://mineralogicalassociation.ca/doc/toc_uranium.pdf
Radon releases from Australian uranium mining and milling projects: assessing the UNSCEAR approach
http://www.epa.gov/radiation/docs/neshaps/australia.pdf

Uranium: Sustainable Resource or Limit to Growth?
http://www.world-nuclear.org/sym/2007/archive/2003/pdf/macdonald.pdf

Inventory and Environmental effects of Uranium Mines
http://viso.ei.jrc.it/pecomines_ext/events/workshop/ProceedingsOrtaWorkshop.pdf#page=37

Rocks to reactors: Uranium exploration and the market
http://www.world-nuclear.com/sym/2001/pdfs/macdonald.pdf

Uranium mining in Australia: Environmental impact, radiation releases and rehabilitation
http://www-pub.iaea.org/mtcd/publications/pdf/csp-17_web.pdf#page=184

URANIUM MINING CANADA
The mineralogy of arsenic in uranium mine tailings at the Rabbit Lake In-pit Facility, northern Saskatchewan, Canada
http://www.springerlink.com/content/3p2avf0p1mgqvjql/

Radionuclides in the lichen-caribou-human food chain near uranium mining operations in northern Saskatchewan, Canada.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1566655/

Distribution of Iron-Oxidizing Bacteria in the Nordic Uranium Tailings Deposit, Elliot Lake, Ontario, Canada
http://aem.asm.org/cgi/content/abstract/53/4/846

Trace elements in vegetation and soils over the Key Lake uranium-nickel orebody northern Saskatchewan, Canada
ftp://ftp.nrcan.gc.ca/ess/geochem/files/publications/pub_1485/walker_1979.pdf

Chronic Ingestion of Uranium in Drinking Water: A Study of Kidney Bioeffects in Humans
http://toxsci.oxfordjournals.org/content/43/1/68.abstract

Migration of acidic groundwater seepage from uranium-tailings impoundments, 1. Field study and conceptual hydrogeochemical model
http://www.mdag.com/MDAG%20Paper%20Database/M0022%20-%20Morin%20et%20al%201988a%20-%20Migration.PDF

Human health implications of environmental contaminants in Arctic Canada: A review
http://people.trentu.ca/chrisfurgal/pdf/VanOostdam%20et%20al%202005%20Human%20health%20implications%20of%20environmental%20contaminants_STOTEN.pdf

Properties, use and health effects of depleted uranium (DU): a general overview
http://www.iaea.org/newscenter/focus/depleteduranium/properties.pdf

Exposure Pathways and Health Effects Associated with Chemical and Radiological Toxicity of Natural Uranium
http://paradoxsustainability.org/upload/Dr.%20Brugge-Uranium%20review%20REH%202005.pdf

URANIUM & MINE WORKERS
First Analysis of Mortality and Occupational Radiation Exposure based on the National Dose Registry of Canada
http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/content/148/6/564.full.pdf+html

The History of Uranium Mining and the Navajo People
http://ajph.aphapublications.org/cgi/reprint/92/9/1410

Radiation exposure of members of the public resulting from operation of the ranger Uranium mine
http://www.environment.gov.au/ssd/publications/tm/pubs/tm20.pdf

Mortality of lung cancer in Ontario Uranium Miners
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1035522/pdf/brjindmed00010-0056.pdf

Occupational Health Hazard in Mining
 http://occmed.oxfordjournals.org/content/54/5/283.full.pdf+html

Lung Cancer in radon exposed miners and estimation of risk from indoor exposure
http://jnci.oxfordjournals.org/content/87/11/817.short

Mortality among a cohort of Uranium mill workers: An update
http://www.wma-minelife.com/uranium/papers/57.pdf

Medical affects of internal Contamination with Uranium
http://www.mindfully.org/Nucs/DU-Medical-Effects-Mar99.htm

4. Rabbit Lake Mine 1989 spill of two million litres of contaminated mine water, and faced environmental charges for that spill and previously for effluent violations. - What are the health effects of this water.

It seems that the only and most widely publicized study on the subject was conducted by Swanson, SM.
 
Results of the study of effects of the Rabbit Lake minewater spill, November 6-7, 1989. Swanson, SM
Swanson, S.M. 1989. Results of the Study of Effects of the Rabbit Lake Mine Water Spill, November 6-7,1989. Report for Mines Pollution Control Branch, Saskatchewan Environment and Public Safety, Prince Albert, SK. SRC Report E-2130-2-E-89.

You can get the study from Saskatchewan Research Council who may also offer relevant papers.

Available from:
http://www.src.sk.ca/html/publications/SRC_Publications_Catalogue/index.cfm
http://www.src.sk.ca/html/publications/index.cfm

Examples of SRC Research
http://www.src.sk.ca/html/publications/technical_excellence/index.cfm

Related Material

Integrating Human Health into Environmental Impact Assessment: Case Studies of Canada’s Northern Mining Resource Sector
http://www.akhealthcaucus.org/Socio%20Eceo/Integrating%20Human%20Health%20into%20Environmental%20Impact%20Assessment.pdf

CNA papers (Canada Nuclear Agency)
http://search.nuclearsafety.gc.ca/cgi-bin/ts.pl?index=233575&psel=Publications&query=rabbit+lake&SEARCH=Search&opt=ALL

Recent Water Management Reports

Rabbit Lake Operations: Water Management Project
http://www.cameco.com/common/pdf/responsibility/regulatory/Cameco_-_Eagle_Point_Water_Management_Project_Description.pdf

Reverse Osmosis Brine Treatment in Rabbit Lake Mill Operation
http://engrwww.usask.ca/script/beaverden/pubservice.php?htmlareaupload=2528

WISE URANIUM ARCHIVE

Wise Uranium has a very useful set of archive (you can sort by country and the subject)
http://www.wise-uranium.org/indexu.html

I understand that this may be a part of a comprehensive answer that you require but I am very confident that this is the most that we (researchers) can get from secondary research. Please feel free to clarify.

Thanks,

Leader